.static-example .positioned-element {
    background-color: green;
    left: 100px;
    /*unaffected by positioning*/
}

.relative-example .positioned-element {
    background-color: lightblue;
    position: relative;
    left: 100px;
    top: 50px;
    /*leaves a "hole" behind; retains document flow otherwise*/
    z-index: -1;
}

.absolute-example .positioned-element {
    background-color: red;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0; 
    right: 0;/*in reference to ancestor*/
    /*ignored by document flow*/
}

.absolute-example {
    position: relative; /*setting ancestor of absolute to relative makes absolute positioned in terms of this parent*/
}

.fixed-example .positioned-element {
    background-color: purple;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 9999;
}

.sticky-example .positioned-element {
    background-color: orange;
    position: sticky;
    top: 50px; /*fixed until hits this threshold, then relative*/
    /*^ applies within parent section*/
}

/*z-index: positive brings towards us, negative pushes away*/